We will summarize some of the main considerations of each ownership type below.

Individual Ownership

• Less complexity but income is taxed at personal tax rates which can be the highest rates.
• Any losses incurred can be offset against any income.
• There is no liability protection for the individual besides the insurance policy on the property.

Corporation

• More complexity but a good structure for multiple owners.
• The small business deduction allows for lower corporate tax rates on active business income. However, passive investment income is taxed at higher rates.
• Losses can be carried back or used against future income in the company.
• There is liability protection for the shareholders of the company.

Partnership

• Multiple owners are required for this structure.
• The partnership can be general or limited in nature. The main difference is that in a limited partnership, the partner is only liable for the amount of initial investment; whereas, in a general partnership, the partners are jointly responsible for all liabilities.
• A T5013 tax information return is required to be filed annually and income is flowed out to the partner to be taxed individually or in their corporation.

Joint Venture

• Common real estate structure where an agreement is in place that will detail the rights and obligations of each owner which can be an individual or a corporation.
• The income, expenses, assets and liabilities are flowed out to the owners so there is no separate tax return required for this structure.
• Risk that a joint venture can be considered a partnership by Canada Revenue Agency and there are GST issues to consider.